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1. Duplicate sweeper activation code starting with dspc serial#
2. Duplicate sweeper activation code starting with dspc software#

Varying contrast agent administration rate was also observed to bias measured perfusion time, especially at low concentrations however, we observed that contrast administration rates between 2.7 × 10(8) and 3.9 × 10(8) bubbles/min provided results that were consistent within 3% for the contrast agent type evaluated. With application of 3D perfusion mapping, repeatability in perfusion estimated in the kidney is reduced to a standard deviation of less than 3%, despite random initial transducer positioning.

This difference was larger than changes in kidney perfusion induced by dopamine. Our results indicate that perfusion estimates generated by 2D imaging in the rat kidney have mean standard deviations on the order of 10%, and as high as 22%, because of differences in initial transducer position. Perfusion estimates were acquired from rat kidneys as a function of imaging plane and in response to the vasoactive drug dopamine. A custom 3D perfusion mapping system was designed by incorporating a computer-controlled positioning system to move the transducer in the elevational direction, and the Sequoia was interfaced to the motion system for timing of the destruction-reperfusion sequence and data acquisition. Imaging was performed in rats using a Siemens Sequoia 512 imaging system with a 15L8 transducer.

Duplicate sweeper activation code starting with dspc software#

We also evaluate the effect of contrast agent concentration and infusion rate on perfusion estimates.Ĭontrast-enhanced destruction-reperfusion imaging was performed using parametric mapping of refill times and custom software for image alignment to compensate for tissue motion. To mitigate observed errors due to imaging plane misalignment, we propose and demonstrate the application of quantitative 3-dimensional (3D) perfusion imaging. Our objective was to evaluate error in 2D quantitative perfusion estimation in an in vivo sample volume because of differences in transducer positioning.

Duplicate sweeper activation code starting with dspc serial#

We hypothesize that inhomogeneity in vascularization, such as that common in many types of tumors, makes serial perfusion estimates inconsistent unless the same region can be imaged repeatedly. One limitation to standard two-dimensional (2D) perfusion imaging is that the narrow elevational beamwidth of 1- or 1.5-D ultrasound transducers provides information in only a single slice of tissue, and thus it is difficult to image exactly the same plane from study to study. With the application of nondestructive contrast imaging pulse sequences combined with a clearance-refill approach, it is possible to create quantitative time-to-refill maps of tissue correlating to blood perfusion rate. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging has demonstrated significant potential as a noninvasive technology for monitoring blood flow in the microvasculature.